Benedict Anderson’s Imagined Communities

Benedict Anderson’s Imagined Communities

Benedict Anderson’s seminal work Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism from 1983 is one of the most important accounts of the historical rise and development of nationalism. Its basic insight and argument is that...
Niklas Luhmann: What is Autopoiesis?

Niklas Luhmann: What is Autopoiesis?

The term autopoiesis (self-creation) is a neologism coined in 1972 by Varela and Maturana, Chilean cellular biologists and systems theorists, to describe the capacity of living cells to reproduce and organise themselves. The term was picked up and deployed by Niklas...
Karl Marx: Alienation

Karl Marx: Alienation

The Marxian concept of alienation (Entäußerung)  or estrangement (Entfremdung) is one of the most discussed notions in the history of modern social and political theory. There is a long history of the term before Marx, from the giusnaturalistic and...
Marxist Legal Theory: The State

Marxist Legal Theory: The State

Key Concept This is part of a series of key concepts in Marxist legal theory organized in collaboration with our friends at Legal Form: A Forum for Marxist Analysis of Law. All articles in this series, including the present one, will appear concurrently on Legal...
Roland Barthes: Myth

Roland Barthes: Myth

Myths of equality, from Bilal video clip, with permission from the owner. Human communication is multi-layered, as our language relies on complicated systems of signification; for example uttering a given statement using specific terminology might indicate the...